Interactions between heart disease and kidney disease

There are a number of important interactions between heart disease and kidney disease. The interaction is bidirectional, as acute or chronic dysfunction of the heart or kidneys can induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. The clinical importance of such relationships is illustrated by the following observations:

●Mortality is increased in patients with heart failure (HF) who have a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

●Patients with chronic kidney disease have an increased risk of both atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and HF, and cardiovascular disease is responsible for up to 50 percent of deaths in patients with renal failure. Consult with cardiovascular doctor with chronic kidney diseases.

●Acute or chronic systemic disorders can cause both cardiac and renal dysfunction

●Type 1 (acute) - Acute HF results in acute kidney injury (previously called acute renal failure).

●Type 2 - Chronic cardiac dysfunction (eg, chronic HF) causes progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD, previously called chronic renal failure).

●Type 3 - Abrupt and primary worsening of kidney function due, for example, to renal ischemia or glomerulonephritis causes acute cardiac dysfunction, which may be manifested by HF.

●Type 4 - Primary CKD contributes to cardiac dysfunction, which may be manifested by coronary disease, HF, or arrhythmia.

●Type 5 (secondary) - Acute or chronic systemic disorders (eg, sepsis or diabetes mellitus) that cause both cardiac and renal dysfunction

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